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* Direct impedimetry.
* Flow cytometry.
Beer adapted strains of ''Brettanomyces'' and lactic acid bacteria have been found to be more difficult to culture on agar than when they are not adapted to the environment. Malt agar has been shown to be more effective at showing growth than other types of agar (Dekkera Medium, Universal Beer Agar, Potato Dextrose Agar, and Beer Agar). In addition, it is recommended that 100 mL samples are taken since beer adapted contaminants are harder to grow on media, and at least 7 days of incubation time should be allowed for ''Brettanomyces'' to show signs of growth <ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1094/ASBCJ-2008-0917-01 Effects of Beer Adaptation on Culturability of Beer-Spoilage Dekkera/Brettanomyces Yeasts. Koji Suzuki, Shizuka Asano, Kazumaru Iijima, Tomoo Ogata, Yasushi Kitagawa & Tsunehiro Ikeda. 2018.]</ref> (see also [https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/2047731471921723/ this MTF thread)].
==Quality Improvement==