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===Biogenic Amines===
Biogenic amines are produced by all living things and are present in many fermented foods and beverages. The biogenic amines that are primarily produced in fermented foods are histamine, tyramine, cadaverine and putrescine. These are produced by microorganisms that can decarboxylate amino acids, and thus their levels in some foods (particularly fish and chicken) are one potential indicator of food freshness or microbiological cleanliness. High dosages can lead to health issues associated with food poisoning or allgeric-like reactions such as vomiting, headache, respiratory distress, asthma, hypertension, hypotension, and cardiac palpitation. Thus, biogenic amines have been studied intensely <ref name="Wade_2018">[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajgw.12366 Role of Pediococcus in winemaking. M.E. Wade, M.T. Strickland, J.P. Osborn, C.G. Edwards. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12366.]</ref><ref name="loret_2005">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814604002365 Levels of biogenic amines as a measure of the quality of the beer fermentation process: Data from Belgian samples. S. Loret, P. Deloyer, G. Dandrifosse. 2005.]</ref>. For more information, see [http://suigenerisbrewing.com/index.php/2019/01/22/biogenic-amines/ "Fact or Fiction – Biogenic Amines in Beer" by Dr. Bryan Heit].
Biogenic amines in spontaneously fermented beers are produced mostly by enterobacteria, but lactic acid bacteria and yeasts can also produce them. Wort that is pre-acidified greatly reduces the production of biogenic amines, but small levels can still be found. These levels are below the levels found in cheese and fermented sausage and are well below the levels that are acceptable for health (histamine levels less than 50 mg/kg in the US and less than 400 mg/kg in the UK; these levels are usually regulated for meets and fish<ref>[https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/2/62/htm Impact of Biogenic Amines on Food Quality and Safety. Claudia Ruiz-Capillas and Ana M. Herrero. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8020062.]</ref>).