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weights for wine barrels (empty and full)
===Wine Barrels===
Wine barrels typically have less oxygen ingress than spirit and sherry barrels <ref name="amaral_barrels" />. A standard 60 gallon Bordeux Chateau barrel weighs around 100 pounds (50 kg) empty, and about 600 pounds (275 kg) full <ref>[http://socialvignerons.com/2016/06/27/anatomy-of-a-wine-barrel-parts-sizes-infographic/ Julien Miguel. "Anatomy of a Wine Barrel: Parts, Sizes, Infographic". Social Vignerons website. 06/27/2016. Retrieved 07/31/2018.]</ref>.
French wine barrels will have their hoops secured into place by nails. If the staves need to be tightened during swelling, then the nails must be removed. The nails can be removed with pliers or a hoop driver so that the hoops can be tightened. After tightening, the nails can be hammered back in, although some brewers just leave the nails out permanently. Justin Amaral recommends buying nails from Barrel Builders as they are reportedly easier to remove <ref>[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1963764150318456/?comment_id=1963786806982857&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D Joseph Kearns, Justin Amaral, and Andrew Zinn. MTF thread about tightening hoops on French oak barrels. 01/23/2018.]</ref>.