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Burning sulfur sticks/wicks or disks. For the preservation of empty barrels or other wooden vessels, burn 4 g of sulfur per hectoliter of capacity and repeat every 40 - 50 days <ref>2016. Laffort sulfur disc instruction manual. South Africa</ref>. To use disks, use a disk holder (e.g. [http://www.gwkent.com/sulfur-disque-holder-for-barrel.html GW Kent sulfur disk holder] or create a wire hook to suspend the sulfur disc in the barrel. Light the disc and place into the barrel, inserting a bung to prevent the SO<sub>2</sub> gas from escaping. Leave to burn for a few minutes before removing and bunging the barrel for storage.
'''Note: Do not burn sulfur in used spirit barrels, as there is a risk of explosion.''' Once a spirit barrel has had a beer aged in it, the ethanol levels within the barrel won't be high enough to cause an explosion. The general rule of thumb is if the spirit can be smelled inside the barrel, don't light a sulfur disc in it.
Ozone <ref>[http://mcclainozone.com/brewery-ozone-sanitation/ Ozone sanitation for barrels]</ref> [need to expand]