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Brettanomyces

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These vinyl derivatives have similar tastes to the ethyl derivatives but have lower flavor thresholds. Levels of all compounds produced vary depending on species and strain of ''Brettanomyces''. Although the production of ethyl phenols has been identified to occur higher in substrates with more available sugars, and this has also correlated with higher growth <ref name="Barata_2008">[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00415.x/full The effect of sugar concentration and temperature on growth and volatile phenol production by Dekkera bruxellensis in wine. André Barata, Daniela Pagliara, Tiziana Piccininno, Francesco Tarantino, Wilma Ciardulli, Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira, Virgílio Loureiro. 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00415.x]</ref>, some data supports that pitching rate does not have an effect on how much phenol content is produced by ''Brettanomyces''<ref name="MTF_Brett_Secondary">[http://www.milkthefunk.com/wiki/Brettanomyces_secondary_fermentation_experiment Brettanomyces secondary fermentation experiment. Milk The Funk Wiki. Lance Shaner and Richard Preiss. Retrieved 04/21/2016.]</ref>. Perhaps growth itself is not as much of a factor in producing phenols, but having sugars available for metabolism is. This contradicts the somewhat popular belief that under-pitching ''Brettanomyces'' produces more "funky" flavors.
 
 
It has been hypothesized that the production and destruction of various phenols by ''Brettanomyces'' is connected with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox redox balance], however this has not been demonstrated. Ethyl phenols have been shown to be highly attractive to fruit flies, and it has also been proposed that these aromatics allow ''Brettanomyces'' to travel from food source to food source and by doing so increasing its chances of survival in the wild <ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982214016558 Olfaction: Smells Like Fly Food. Geraldine A. Wright. 2015.]</ref><ref name="smith_divol_2016"></ref>. Phenols have been shown to have positive effects on decreasing protein glycation, a complication associated with type 2 diabetes <ref>[http://www.asbcnet.org/publications/journal/vol/2017/Pages/ASBCJ-2017-1323-01.aspx High Phenolic Beer Inhibits Protein Glycation In Vitro. Susan M. Elrod, Phillip Greenspan, Erik H. Hofmeister. 2017. ]</ref>.

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