13,594
edits
Changes
added new information on the impact of vitamins thiamine and riboflavin.
Sulfite and SO<sub>2</sub> inhibits the growth of ''Brettanomyces'', and is often used in the wine industry to prevent the growth of ''Brettanomyces'' (some wineries have identified small amounts of flavors from ''Brettanomyces'' as being beneficial to certain wine styles, and is said to increase the complexity and impart an aged character in young wines <ref name="smith_divol_2016"></ref>) <ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2012.00702.x/abstract Removal of Brettanomyces Bruxellensis from Red Wine Using Membrane Filtration. Umiker, Descenzo, Lee, and Edwards. 04/24/2012.]</ref>. Some strains of ''Brettanomyces'' can metabolize nitrogen sources, such as the amino acids proline and arginine <ref name="Crauwels1"></ref>. Some strains of ''Candida pyralidae'', ''Wickerhamomyces anomalus'', ''Kluyveromyces wickeramii'', ''Torulaspora delbrueckii'' and ''Pichia membranifaciens'' have been found to produce toxin that inhibits ''Brettanomyces'' (killer wine strains do not kill ''Brettanomyces''; see [[Saccharomyces#Killer_Wine_Yeast|Killer Wine Yeast]] for more information).
The addition of vitamins can have a positive impact on ''Brettanomyces'' growth. For example, while ''Brettanomyces'' does not need riboflavin or thiamine in order to grow, the presence of either or both of these two vitamins encourages ''Brettanomyces'' growth <ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jib.385/full The influence of thiamine and riboflavin on various spoilage microorganisms commonly found in beer. Barry Hucker, Melinda Christophersen, Frank Vriesekoop. 2017.]</ref>.
==''Brettanomyces'' Metabolism==