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updated starter instructions to include a step starter for best practices
==General Methods and Uses==
===Creating a starter===
After prolonged time in a bottle, microorganisms won't be at their peak vitality, and so making a starter for dregs is recommended in general. Generally speaking, ''Saccharomyces'' strains most likely won't may or may not be viable at all after an extended time in a low pH beer. A regular Making a step starter is best practice for ensuring that a high enough population of microbes are pitched. Begin by making a ~200 mL DME starter of usual strength starter (1.030-1.040 SG) of a volume of 0<ref name="preiss">[https://www.facebook.5-1 liters for ~20 liters batch size of wortcom/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1268830686478476/beer should be prepared ?comment_id=1269605776400967&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D Conversation with Richard Preiss on step starters for the bottle dregson MTF. 03/27/2016.]</ref>. Hops should not be used unless the brewer wants to try and suppress the ''Lactobacillus'' in the commercial beer (Lacto strains for some commercial breweries are fairly hop tolerant up to 20-25 IBU. See [[Lactobacillus#Hop_Tolerance|Lactobacillus Hop Tolerance]] for more information). If the brewer has only one bottle or wants to keep multiple bottle dregs separate from each other, the starter wort can be poured directly into each bottle and covered with plastic wrap. Alternatively, the dregs from multiple bottles can be combined into a single vessel (such as an Erlenmeyer flask or glass jug) with the starter wort, and sealed with an airlock (creating an anaerobic starter with an airlock is preferred unless the brewer knows that aeration won't create excessive amounts of acetic acid; it's best not to take a risk covered with aeration the first time you use dregs from a particular commercial brewery <ref name="BryanHeit_starters"></ref>)sanitized tin foil. The mouth of the bottle may be flamed with a lighter to kill any wild yeasts that might have landed on the area.
Although more experiments and probably needed, agitation is believed to be an important factor for any species of microbe (yeast and bacteria). Gentle stirring on a stir plate or orbital shaker, or frequent gentle manual agitation leads to faster growth and a higher number of organisms. Agitation keeps the microbes in solution. It also maximizes the microbes' access to nutrients and disperses waste evenly. In a non-agitated starter, the microbes are limited to the diffusion rate of nutrients, leading to a slower and more stressful growth <ref name="BryanHeit_starters">[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1168024059892473/?comment_id=1174865305875015&reply_comment_id=1176092372418975&total_comments=1&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R9%22%7D Conversation with Bryan of Sui Generis Blog about starters and agitation. 11/09/2015.]</ref>. For more information regarding aeration and agitation effects on ''Brettanomyces'' growth, see [[Brettanomyces_Propagation_Experiment|Mark Trent's Brettanomyces Propagation Experiment]].
The starter should be stored at room temperaturefor 5-7 days, or can be stored at a higher temperature if bacteria is the main microbe that the brewer is after. Keep the starter for at least one week, and monitor for activity. Visual activity may not always be present, may be brief, or minimal. Monitoring the pH and the gravity can assist the brewer with deciding whether or not the commercial sour beer has any viable microorganisms still alive in it. If the starter krausens within 24-36 hours, it may have viable ''Saccharomyces'', otherwise strains of ''Saccharomyces'' may be dead (especially if the beer was not freshly bottled and was a low pH sour beer). ''Brettanomyces'' may not show signs of fermentation for up to 3-7-8 days. A multiple step After 7 days, create a 1 liter starter can be employed if of DME wort, and pour the original dregs starter in. Repeat the process above, giving the brewer wants a larger population starter 5-7 days of microbesgrowth <ref name="preiss">.
===Supplementing another fermentation===