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A '''foeder''' (pronounced FOOD-er) is the Dutch word for a large wooden vat used for either long term fermentation or primary fermentation. In Dutch, the synonym "vaten" is often used, which translates to English as "vat". The term "vat" is used in the United Kingdom. In Germany, the term is "fass" (translated translates to "barrel" in English) or sometimes "Große fassGroßefass" (translated translates to "big barrel" in English), which is phonetically related to "vat" in English or "vaten" in Dutch (note that "holzbottich" is the German word for open-top wooden vessels) <ref>Kunze, Wolfgang. "Technology: Brewing and Malting, Sixth Edition." 2019. Pgs 31,32.</ref><ref>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fes_Fass_des_Heidelberger_Schlosses Großes Fass des Heidelberger Schlosses. German Wikipedia. Retrieved 01/21/2020.]</ref><ref>Benedicht Koch. Private correspondence with Dan Pixley on the German word for "foeder". 01/18/2020.</ref>. It is written as "foudre" in French, or "foedre" by some American breweries (the word "foudre" in French more typically means "thunderbolt" <ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foudre Foudre. French Wikipedia. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref>). A foeder can range in size from 600 to 1 million liters <ref>[https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenbach_(brouwerij) Dutch Wikipedia. Rodenbach (brouwerij). Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref><ref>[http://zythophile.co.uk/2019/10/18/do-you-gyle-your-ale-after-it-leaves-the-cooler-and-finishes-fermenting-in-the-vat-or-krausen-your-beer-post-coolship-when-its-run-out-of-the-foeder Martyn Cornell. Zythophile magazine. 10/18/2019. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref><ref>[http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2019/05/runners-and-keepers.html Ron Pattenson. Shut Up About Barclay Perkins blog. 05/10/2019. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref><ref>[https://beerconnoisseur.com/articles/what-foeder Jim Dykstra. "What is a Foeder?". The Beer Connoisseur. 09/08/2016. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref>.