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Tetrahydropyridine

4 bytes removed, 23:11, 26 August 2015
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ATHP is further metabolized into 2-ethyltetrahydropyridine (ETHP/ETPY) by Brettanomyces, although not much is known about this metabolic process <ref>[http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/Joseph_5_Aromatic_Diverswity_of_Brettanomyces-82350.ppt Joseph, C.M. Lucy. ''Aromatic Diversity of Brettanomyces''. U.C. Davis. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref>. ETHP has a significantly higher taste threshold, and is often not detected in contaminated wine <ref name="Oelofse"></ref>.
The presence of the "mousy off-flavor" caused by THP appears to be temporary in beer. Although not much is known about the degradation or metabolic break down of THP, it tends to age out of beer after 2-3 months. Another unknown is why does ''Brett'' produce produces THP shortly after kegging and force carbonating a beer that has reached final gravity. Pitching fresh ''Saccharomyces'' for bottle conditioning a beer with ''Brett'' in it has reportedly reduced THP production, perhaps through the quicker metabolism of both the oxygen and sugar that is introduced during packaging time.
Heterofermentative [[Lactobacillus]] spp. can also produce ATHP and ETHP from Lysine and ethanol <ref>Sparrows, Jeff. ''Wild Brews''. Brewers Publications. 2005. Pg. 112.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tFjsAuo5WocC&pg=PA348&lpg=PA348&dq=lactobacillus+Tetrahydropyridine&source=bl&ots=QUVyoFtIwK&sig=h1cdjB0r1pIRX2Bms8wVA0UiLk4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4DX_VPz5CsH6oQSAzoGgBA&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=lactobacillus%20Tetrahydropyridine&f=false Lahtinen, Ouwehand, Salminen, von Wright. Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition. Pg 348.]</ref><ref>[http://ajevonline.org/content/37/2/127.short Heresztyn, Tamila. Formation of Substituted Tetrahydropyridines by Species of Brettanomyces and Lactobacillus Isolated from Mousy Wines.]</ref>. Some species of [[Pediococcus]] have been associated with the production of ATHP. In particular, these include ''P. pentosaceus'' <ref>[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q03HT0 UniProt article. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref><ref>[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/U5ZF76 UniProt article. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref>, and ''P. clausenii'' <ref>[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G8PEU4 UniProt article. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref> (note that commercial cultures of [[Pediococcus]] are normally ''P. damnosus'').

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