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Tetrahydropyridine

6 bytes added, 23:54, 26 August 2015
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ATHP is further metabolized into 2-ethyltetrahydropyridine (ETHP/ETPY) by Brettanomyces, although not much is known about this metabolic process <ref>[http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/Joseph_5_Aromatic_Diverswity_of_Brettanomyces-82350.ppt Joseph, C.M. Lucy. ''Aromatic Diversity of Brettanomyces''. U.C. Davis. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref>. ETHP has a significantly higher taste threshold, and is often not detected in contaminated wine <ref name="Oelofse"></ref>.
The presence of the "mousy off-flavor" caused by THP appears to be temporary in beer. Although not much is known about the degradation or metabolic break down of THPATHP/ETHP, it tends to age out of beer after 2-3 months. Another unknown is why ''Brett'' produces THP shortly after kegging and force carbonating a beer that has reached final gravity. Pitching fresh ''Saccharomyces'' for bottle conditioning a beer with ''Brett'' in it has reportedly reduced THP production, perhaps through the quicker metabolism of both the oxygen and sugar that is introduced during packaging time.
Heterofermentative [[Lactobacillus]] spp. can also produce ATHP and ETHP from Lysine and ethanol <ref>Sparrows, Jeff. ''Wild Brews''. Brewers Publications. 2005. Pg. 112.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tFjsAuo5WocC&pg=PA348&lpg=PA348&dq=lactobacillus+Tetrahydropyridine&source=bl&ots=QUVyoFtIwK&sig=h1cdjB0r1pIRX2Bms8wVA0UiLk4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4DX_VPz5CsH6oQSAzoGgBA&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=lactobacillus%20Tetrahydropyridine&f=false Lahtinen, Ouwehand, Salminen, von Wright. Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition. Pg 348.]</ref><ref>[http://ajevonline.org/content/37/2/127.short Heresztyn, Tamila. Formation of Substituted Tetrahydropyridines by Species of Brettanomyces and Lactobacillus Isolated from Mousy Wines.]</ref>. Some species of [[Pediococcus]] have been associated with the production of ATHP. In particular, these include ''P. pentosaceus'' <ref>[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q03HT0 UniProt article. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref><ref>[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/U5ZF76 UniProt article. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref>, and ''P. clausenii'' <ref>[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G8PEU4 UniProt article. Retrieved 3/10/2015.]</ref> (note that commercial cultures of [[Pediococcus]] are normally ''P. damnosus'').

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